Screw-driver.



"N. 873,296. PATBNTED Dnc. 1o, movi c. H. GHAPPELLB.

SCREW DRIVER.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1905.

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, Haw/MZ@ m WM atboznu No. 873,296. PAATRNTRD DRG. 1o', 1907. c. H.GRAPPRLLR. SCREW DRIVER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19, 1905.

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-PATENTBD DEG. 1o, 1907.

\ c. H. GHAPPBLLE.

SCREW DRIVER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 19. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

l mw 62x21 h1 woes JJM@ CHARLES HENRY CHAPPELLE, OF WOODBURN, OREGON.

- SCREW-DRIVER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

` Application iiiea'nugua 19. 195; serein. 274.954. l

To all 'whom it ynia/ i] concern: I

CHAPPELLE, a citizen of the United States of America, residing atWoodburn, in the 1 the hollow or tubular body portion of the Be it knownthat 1 CHARLES HENRY tpolwhich is provided with a suitable handle countyof Marion and State of Oregon, have invented new and useful Improvementsin l Screw-Drivers, of specification.

This invention relates to improvements in screw-drivers, drills andother similar tools of that type embodying a reversely spiralgroovedspindle and pawl and ratchet operating mechanism for rotating saidspindle upon the reciprocation of a handle. .The object of the inventionis to provide a simple and novel construction of driving and which thefollowing is a shiftingl mechanism for tools of this character by whichthe driving mechanism may be ad justed,-first, to rotate the spindleeither to the right or left'upon theforward movement' of the handle;second, to rotate the spindle continuously to the right by a back andforth movement of the handle; and, third, to lock the shaft so that itwill not turn in either direction, to permit the tool to be used like anordinary-hand tool to drive and extract screws.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustratedin theaccompanying drawings, in which:-

Figure 1 is a side elevation of thecomplete tool showing the shifteradjusted to the 'first notch or position to turn the spindle tothe rightupon the forward movement of the handle; Fig. 2 is a similar view withthe casing and shifter removed; Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section oriline3-3 of Fig. 2; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are longitudinahsections, respectively,sh'owing the shifter and pawls adjusted to the second, third .f andfourth positions; Fig. 7 is'a cross section on line 7--7 of Fig. 5; Fig.8 is a perspective view of the locking pawls; Fig. 9 is a similar Viewof the nuts; Figs..10 and 11 are cross sections on an enlarged scalethroughthe nuts and pawls,

illustrating the specific construction of the clutch teeth and fingers;and Fig. 12 is av longitudinal `section showing the positions of theparts when the spindle is looked againstrotation.

In the present specific disclosure of the invention, I have shown thesame embodied in a screw driver or drill, but it will heI understoodthat it may be applied to any tool of the ratchet ty e.

2, and 3 is a Vspindle having reverse spiral grooves Lland 5. d

Mounted on the spindle within the body 1 are two nuts 6 and 7, confinedagainst outward movement by the end pieces or heads 1a and 1b of thebody and separated by a segmental division plate 8, which holds themfrom inward longitudinal movement within the'body, while permitting themto rotate therein. The inner end of the nut 6 is longitudinally groovedto form an annular series of teeth 6', while the inner'end of the nut 7is similarly provided with teeth 7 0n the `nut 6 is an internal spiralrib 6a arranged to travel in the spiral groove 4, and on the nut 7 is anAinternal spiral rib 7*1, arranged to travel' in the s iral groove 5. Itwill thus be seen that by olding one of the nuts and allowing the otherto be free the spindle in the for ward movement of the body portion willturn in one direction, and when the other n ut is held the spindle willbe turned in the reverse direction when the body portion is may besecured. In order to attain these results I provide in connection withthe nuts pawls `,for engaging the teeth thereof and shiftingmechanismfor adjusting the awls, the teeth of the nuts and coacting paws oonstituting clutch mechanism for rendering the nuts operative orinoperative, and the shifting mechanism constituting a -part of saidclutch mechanism, whereby the latter may be regulated to perform theseveral operations above set forth.

t The body portion 1 is provided in one side with a longitudinal slot 9for the reception of three locking pawls 10, 11 and 12. ,The

pawll() is provided at one end with a finger `10 located at one sidethereof and adapted to engage theteeth 7 of the nut 7, and its oppositeendy is formed with laterally projecting trunnions 10a which seat inreceivmg The numera 1 in the drawings designates notches 1()b formed atthe upper end of the -moved forward. It will also be apparent ythat bylocking both nuts against movement sure is applied to the outer end ofthe pawl slot 9, the walls of said notches being inclined to permit saidpawl to tilt to throw the fingerell into and out of engagement with theteeth 7. The pawls 11 and 12y are dis posed opposite each other andl inparallel relation and terminate, respectively, in fingers 11a and 12a attheir inner ends to engage the teeth 6 of the nut 6. The finger '12l ofthe pawl 12 projects beyond the inner end of the toothed portion of thenut 6 and is formed in its underside with a notch or recess 12b for thereception of a spring 13 disposed transversely in the body portionbetween the 'two nuts and adapted to exert upward pressure to normallyhold the finger 12a out of engagement with the teeth 6. l At their outerends the two pawls 11 and 12 are formed with trunnions 11c and 12C whichseat at their outer ends in notches 14 formed at the outer end of theslot 9, the walls of said notches being inclined to -permit said pawlsto tilt to throw their-fingers into and out of engagement with the teeth6. The inner end of the truiinion 1 1c of the pawl 1 1 is notched or cutaway at its outer edge, as indicated at 11d, to receive the inner end ofthe trunnion 12? of the pawl 12 which fits thereoverl and is cuiveddownwardly at its outer edge to lie in the plane of the lower surface ofthe trunnion 1 1C, the construction thus being such tliat wlien pres- 12both pawlswill be tilted to throw their fingers o'ut of engagement withthe teeth 6. "Ihe'pawl 11 is formed with a depression 11'e locatedopposite or in transverse aliiieiiient with an offset or elevatedportion 12e on the vpawl 12 and inwardly beyond said depressed portion116 the pawl 11 is further provided with an offset or elevated portion11f located above the plane of the finger of the pawl 12. The outer sideedges of pawls 10 and 12 'bear against the side wall 9u of slot 9, whilethe outerside edge of pawl 11 bears against the opposite sidewall 9b ofsaid slot.

In order to throw the pawls into and out of engagement with theirrespective nuts, I mount ashifter 15 within the slotted portion 9 of thebody 1 above the pawls', said shifter comprising a bowed spring havingone of its ends resting on the pawl 10 and its other end adapted toengage the elevated and depressed portions or contact points of thepawls 11 and 12. Fixed intermediate its ends to the center of the convexouter side of manner to the-center of the outer side of the pressureplate is a finger-piece or lu 18 which is adapted to slide in a longituinal slot 19 formed in the casing 17 and is'- pro- `seat notches 21, 22,23 and 24 formed in the side walls of the slot v19. It will beunderstood that the upward pressure of the bowed spring shifter-holdsthe finger piece 18. e1evated in the slot 19, and with the retaininglugs 20v engaging one of the sets of notches, and that upon exertingdownward pressure upon said finger piece the latter may be depressedbelow the plane of the slot 19 to move the retaining lugs 20 out ofengagement with the notches and below the inner surface of the casing17, thus permitting the finger piece to be moved longitudinally in theslot 19 to correspondingly adjust the shifter 15. U on releasing thefinger piece at the prescri ed position to which it has been adjusted,it will be elevated by the spring ressure of the shifter 15 and theretaining ugs 20'seated in the notches Vto hold the finger piece andshifter against movement. The pawls 11 and 12 are separated betweentheir finger portions by a division lug or projection 25 formed orsecured upon the body. portion 1, and the outer ed es of all the pawlsbear against the side wal s of the slot 9, .in the 'manner beforedescribed whereby the pawls are reinforced to prevent the saine rombending under the pressure of the nuts 6 and 7.

It is to be understood that the teeth 7 and the bearing face of thefinger 10 of the pawl 1() are so relatively arranged and shaped as toada t the finger 10l toy engage the teeth and ho d the nut 7 fromrotation to the left, while permitting the finger to ride over saidteeth to adapt said nut to rotate without interference to the right. Thetwo pawls 11 and 12 on the contrary constitute a duplex pawl to,respectively, permit the nut 6 to rotate freely in one direction or theother, accordinglyas one pawl or ythe other is in engagement therewith,while locking it against movement in the opposite direction. The pawl11, for instance, is adapted to engage the teeth 6 to hold the nut 6from rotation to the right, while permitting it to rotate to the left,while the pawl 12 when engaged with the teeth 6 ermits the nut to rotateto the ri ht, while iolding it from rotation to the le t. In ordertosecure these respective results, the notches between the teeth of thenuts are made narrower than the fingers of the awls, so that saidfingers cannot dro i bodi y into the notches but engagethe shouldersthereof in a peculiarmanner,l it being observed by reference to Figs. 7,10 and 11 that the planes of all the fingers are so far tangent to theperiphery of tlie ratcliets that only one edge thereof entraves oneshoulder .of the notch while tlie other? shoulder of the notch underliesthe tangential under surface of the finger, permitting ratchet action.By

` right, in which latter action the teeth of the nut slide across theunder surface of the finger. The s'ame relative proportions andarrangement of the parts named pertains in the case of the ratchet wheel6 and pawls 11 and 12, the notches between the teeth of said wheel beingnarrower than the fingers 11EL and 12*L y,of said pawls, While saidfingers are disposed in a plane tangent to the periphery of the ratchetteeth. As a result, the finger 11a, when in locking position, seats atits 1n-,

ner edge in the adjacent notch ofthe nut and bears against thev rearAshoulder thereof, while the front shoulder of the notch lies beneathsaid finger, whereby the arrangement of the finger between said rearshoulder and -slot wall 9b prevents rotationof the nut to the right,while permitting ratchet laction and rotation of said nut to the left;while the finger 12a, when in locking position, seats at its inner edgein a notch, bears at its inner edge against the'rear shoulder `of thenotch and lies between lthe same and the slot wall 9a and above thefront shoulder ofthe notch, thus locking the nut against rotation to theleftbyyhile ermitting it to have rotation to t ,eyrght, t e rearshoulders of the notches in thei'vari-ous ratchet actions sliding ineach case nder the lower surfaces ofthe awl fingers,`as will be readilyunderstood rom the -foregoing .description l With this understanding theoperation is as follows: Figs. 1, Zand 3 show the position of the partsfor securing a rotary movement of the spindle to the right when thebodyj portion is moved forward, and it willbe seen that in this positionthe finger iece 18 -is located at the lower end of the s ot 19, and theretaining-lugs-20 are seated in the notches 21. In this position the uper end of the shifter 15 bears `upon the nger end of the body of thepawl 10 and holds the finger 1 0v thereof in engagement with the teeth7',- thus locking the nut 7 against movement to the left. The lower endof the shifter in this position bears directly7 upon the trunnion1'2C ofthe pawl 12, its pressure thereby on the fulcrum ends of'pawls 11 and 12serving to tilt both ofI said pawls..tohol d.;.tl1e fingers thereof outof engagement -with the teeth ofl they nut 6, therebypermitting saidnuttov freely rotate in both directions. The forward movement of the bodyportion will thereby cause the nut 7 to act upon the aaa a 'groove 5 ofthe spindle and rotate said spindle to the right. When the handle ismoved `j backward, both nuts will turn loosely on the l spindle, sincevthe nut 6 is not engaged by either of the pawls 11and 12 ,while pawl 10will allow nut l7 to have retrograde rotation,

-thus permitting the body `portion to move back without rotating thespindle.

In order to secure a continuous rotary movement of the spindleto theright 'upon the forward and backward movement of the `body portion, thefinger piece 18 is adjusted until its locking lugs 20 rest in thenotches 22, whereby the shifter Willbe adjusted to the position shown inFig. 4 in which its upper end will continue to bear upon the finger endof the pawl 10 an'd hold the finger 10 thereof in engagement with theteeth ofthe nut 7, thus continuing to hold said nut from rotation to theleft while the lower end of the .shifter will engage the elevatedportion 12' of the pawl` 12 and rest in the recess or de- `pressedportion 11e of the pawl 11. By this means pressure will be exerted uponthe fulcrum end of pawl 12 to hold its finger12a in engagement with theteeth 6', while at the Sametime holding the finger 1 1i of the awl 11tilted'up out of engagement with sai teeth, since the pressure oftrunnion 12c on trunnion 11" will still be sufficient to keep awl 11 inthe position before described. i pon the forward movement of the 'bodyportion the nut 7 will, therefore, act to rotate the spindle to theright, while the nut 6 will impart corresponding movement thereto upon`the backward movement of the body portion,- `thus effectin a continuousrotary movement of the spindfe to the right as the body por`- tion isreciprocated.

In order to lock thespindle to the body portion so that it cannot rotateand-so that theY tool mayv be usedv as an ordinary hand screw driver fordriving and withdrawing screws, the 'finger piece 18 is adjusted `untilits retaining lugs 20 seat within the notches -23.,` This movement ofthe finger piece will adjust the shifter so that its upper end willcontinue to `maintain engagement with the finger end of the body portionof the pawl 10 and holdv the finger .10 thereofin engagement with thenut 7,'while the lower end ofthe shifter will be ladjusted to theposition shown in Fig. 5 in which it bears u on the elevatedr'portion11bofthe pawl 11 'an stands above the pawl 12, thus permitting the latterto be forced and held by spring 13 dut of engagement with the teethofthe nut 6, while the finger llaof the pawl 11 will beheld by thepressure of the shifter in locking engagement with said teeth. Thus thenut 7 will be held by the pawl 10 from rotation to the left, while thenut 6 will be held by the pawl 11 from rotation to the ri ht. If'thespindle is not then fully projecte the movement of the nut to the leftpermitted by pawl 12 will allow the spindle to be drawnoutward to itsfullest eXtent or the body ortion to be moved rearwardly thereon unti astop 3*l on the inner end of the spindle engages a shoulis moved forwardthe finger piece 18 is ad-- justed until its retaining lugs 2() rest inthe seat notches 24, thereby adjusting the shifter to the position'shownin Fig. 6, in which it will be seen that the upper end of the shifter,bears upon the trunnions 10a of the pawl 10 and acts to tilt the finger10 out of engagement with the teeth of the nut 7, while the lower end ofthe shifter still maintains enJ gagementwith the elevated port-ion llfof the pawl 11 and holds the finger 11a thereof in engagement with theteeth of the nut 6.4

In this action the pawl 12 will continue to be held out of engagementwith nut 6 by s ring 1,3. This adjustment of the shifter t rows the twopawls 10 and 12 wholly out of action and locks the nut 6 againstmovement to the right by the pawl l1, whereby `upon the forward movementof the body portion said nut 6 will operate toA rotate lthe spindle tothe left.

It will thus be seen that by the described constructionl of the pawl andshifter mechanism, the parts of the clutch may be adjusted to secure anintermittent rotary movement of the spindle to the right or left whenthe body portion is moved forward, or

' to lock the spindle against movement to the body portion, or tocontinuously rotate said spindle to the right upon the back and forwardmovement orreciprocation of said body portion.

I am aware of prior tools of this type in which these adjustments andseveral operations are independently obtainable, that is to say, that itis common in this class of tools tov provide means to secure a right orleft rotaryl movement of the spindle, and that I am also aware of aconstruction in which one of these movements is attained in connectionwith an adjustment securing a continuous rotary movement of the spindlein one direction, but I believe that I am the first to provide aconstruction in which all of these adjustments are secured in a singletool. y A

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, is

1. In a tool of the class described, the com-.

bination of-a reciprocatory body portion, a

right andl left splral-grooved spindle, nuts confined againstlongitudinal movement in the body portion and provided with projectionsrespectively engaging the grooves in the spindle, said nutshaving clutchteeth, a tilting pawl operative'to engage the teeth of one nut to permitrotation of said nut in one direction while locking it against movementin the other direction, a second tilting pawl adapted to engage theteeth of the other nut to permit rotation thereof in one direction whileholding it from rotation in the other f direction, a third tilting pawladapted to engage the teeth of the' latter named nut to operatereversely to said second pawl, said second and third pawls beingconnected for simultaneous adjustment under certain conditions andprovided with contact portions, a

'spring to hold said third pawl normally out of engagement with the nut,and a slidin(T shifter controlling all three pawls, said shifter beingadjustable to regulate the action of said awls to control the nuts tosecure a right or eft intermittent rotary motion of the spindle or acontinuous rotary motion thereof when the body portion is reciprocatedor to lock said spindle to the body portion.

' 2. In a tool of the class described, the combination of areciprocatory body portion provided with a longitudinal slot having aseries of seat notches, a right and left spiral-grooved spindle, nutsconfined against longitudinal movement in the body portion and providedywith projections respectively engaging the grooves in the spindle, saidnuts having clutch teeth, a tilting pawl operative to engage the teethof one nut to permit rotation of said nut in one direction while lockingit against movement inthe other direction, a

second 'tilting pawl adapted to engage the teeth of the other nut topermit rotation thereof in one direction while holding it from rotationin the other direction, a third tilting pawl adapted to engage the teethof the latter-named nut to operate reversely to said second pawl, saidsecond and third pawls being connected for simultaneous adjustment undercertain conditions and provided with .Contact portions, a spring to holdsaid third pawl normally out of engagement with the nut, and aspring-supported shiftersliding'in said slot in. the body portion andprovided with locking lugs to engage the seat notches and bearingportions to operatively engage all three p'awls, the construction beingsuch that by moving the shifter to engage the several seat notches thepawls may be adjusted thereby to control the nuts to secure a right orleft intermittent rotary motion bf the spindle or a continuous rotarymotion thereof when the body portion is reciprocatcd or to lock saidspindle to the body portion.

3. In a tool of the class described, the cornbination of a reciprocatorybody portion, a rotary spindle provided with reverse spiral grooves,clutch nuts provided with projections .engaging said grooves, a singlepawl controlling one nut to' permit rotary movement thereof in onedirection andlock the same against rotation in the opposite direction, acompound pawl formed of members controlling the reverse movements of theother nut, said members being connected for *simultaneous or independentadjustment and provided With portions whereby they may beVsimultaneously or independently moved, a

spring for retracting one o f said paWl members, and a shiftercontrolling all three pawls andA adjustable to shift the same tofcontrol the vnuts-to secure a'right or left intermittent rotarymotion'of the s indle or a continuous rotary motion thereo when the bodyportion'is reclprocated or to lock said spindle to the body portion.

' nut in one direction While locking it against movement in the reversedirection, 4a pair of tilting parallel pawls having fingers to engagethe teeth ofthe other-nut to respectively control the rotation thereofin opposite directions, one of said pawls being formed With a raisedportion and the other with a depression and a raised portion, and saidawls also having engaging projections to a apt them to tilt in'unison,substantially as described, a retracting spring acting upon the fingerof theflrst named pawl'provided'with a raised ortion, and a shifter uponthe body portion aving portions to bear upon the paWls and coperate Withthe said raised portlons thereof to tilt the paWls, whereby said shiftermay be adjusted to govern the pawls to control the nuts to secure aright or left intermittent l rotarymotion of the spindle or a continuousrotary motion thereof When the body portion is reciprocated or to locksaid spindle to th body portion.` v

In testimony whereof, I afHX my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

CHARLES HENRY CHAlPELLE.

Witnesses: n

GRANT Comer, R. H. SCOTT.

